Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells can only contain numbers or text and formulas cannot be stored in these cells. The 'Data View' shows a spreadsheet view of the cases (rows) and variables (columns). The graphical user interface has two views which can be toggled by clicking on one of the two tabs in the bottom left of the SPSS window.
Files can be matched one-to-one and one-to-many, but not many-to-many.
All data processing occurs sequentially case-by-case through the file. Only 2 data types are defined: numeric and text (or "string"). SPSS datasets have a 2-dimensional table structure where the rows typically represent cases (such as individuals or households) and the columns represent measurements (such as age, sex or household income). SPSS places constraints on internal file structure, data types, data processing and matching files, which together considerably simplify programming. From version 14 onwards SPSS can be driven externally by a Python or a VB.NET program using supplied "plug-ins".
IBM SPSS STATISTICS 21.0 SOFTWARE
In addition, the Python extension allows SPSS to run any of the statistics in the free software package R.
The Python programmability extension, introduced in SPSS 14, replaced the less functional SAX Basic "scripts" for most purposes, although SaxBasic remains available. Additionally a "macro" language can be used to write command language subroutines and a Python programmability extension can access the information in the data dictionary and data and dynamically build command syntax programs. Programs can be run interactively or unattended, using the supplied Production Job Facility. They can also be pasted into a syntax file using the "paste" button present in each menu. The pull-down menu interface also generates command syntax this can be displayed in the output, although the default settings have to be changed to make the syntax visible to the user. Additionally, some complex applications can only be programmed in syntax and are not accessible through the menu structure. Command syntax programming has the benefits of reproducibility, simplifying repetitive tasks, and handling complex data manipulations and analyses. The many features of SPSS are accessible via pull-down menus or can be programmed with a proprietary 4GL command syntax language.
IBM SPSS STATISTICS 21.0 MANUAL
The original SPSS manual (Nie, Bent & Hull, 1970) has been described as one of "sociology's most influential books". It is used by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing organizations and others. SPSS is among the most widely used programs for statistical analysis in social science. SPSS (originally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, later modified to read Statistical Product and Service Solutions) was released in its first version in 1968 after being developed by Norman H.
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